Beguinage church

Sophie Nuytten

Nonnenstraat 28, Mechelen

The Baroque church of the beguinage of Mechelen is a gem, not only on the outside. Its interiors and rich collection of paintings, too, are well worth a visit.

Sophie Nuytten

Beguinage church

Beguines were women who wished to live a life of piety, though without taking vows or becoming nuns. The oldest reference to their existence in Mechelen dates from 1209. The beguines moved to within the city walls in 1578 after many years outside the perimeter. The beguinage was destroyed, completely or only partially, several times during the 16th century. The church was subsequently rebuilt in the 17th century. Here, visitors can find a crucifix by Hieronymus Duquesnoy the Younger and a fine collection of Baroque paintings by Theodoor van Loon, Jan Cossiers, Theodor Boeijermans and Lucas Franchoys. Mechelen’s beguinage was included on the list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 1998, together with 12 other beguinages in Flanders.

Baroque architecture

Building work on the beguinage church of Mechelen began in 1629 and the church was consecrated some 18 years later in 1647. As the beguines of Mechelen were financially quite well off at the time, they could afford well-known architects to build exactly what they wanted, so they asked Jesuit Pieter Huyssens (1577-1637) and Jacques Franckaert the Elder (1550-1601) from Brussels, court architect to Archduke Albert VII of Austria and his wife Isabella of Spain, to draw the plans. Especially striking on the Baroque front façade is the statue of Saint Catherine by sculptor Lucas Faydherbe (1617-1697) from Mechelen. The latter was probably also responsible for part of the church’s interior. The beguinage church is a lovely combination of Italian-inspired and characteristic home-grown Flemish architectural features. The Italian influences come to the fore in the rhythm of the rounded arches, the Corinthian pillars and the imposing cornice.

Paul Hermans - cc Wikimedia

The Adoration of the Magi (1626-1650) - Theodoor van Loon

Theodoor van Loon painted The Adoration of the Magi in the period 1626-1650. He stayed in Italy twice, from 1602 to 1608 and from 1628 to 1629. This explains why Caravaggio’s influence is so present in his work. Take the dramatic facial expressions and the use of chiaroscuro contrasts in this work: typical of Caravaggisti, the followers of Caravaggio. Van Loon really emphasises the subjects’ intense emotions. He also paid great attention to the incidence of light, making the figures appear almost three-dimensional. What is so characteristic of Theodoor van Loon’s style here is the detailing of his characters’ clothing and the almost tangible movement in their postures. He loved theatrical compositions.

Eddy De Ron

High altar - Jan and Gaspard van den Steen

The black- and white-marble high altar was made by sculptors Jan and Gaspard van den Steen from Mechelen in 1671. Its peaceful-looking sculptures feature Mary at the centre surrounded by angels as she looks down tenderly upon the viewer holding the Baby Jesus who is sitting on her lap. They are supported by Corinthian columns, clearly recognisable because of their acanthus leaves at the top. On either side of the altar, we can see Saint Alexius of Rome and Saint Catherine of Alexandria, the patron saints of the church.

The Assumption of Mary by Lucas Franchoys the Younger - The Mystic Marriage of Saint Catherine of Alexandria by Theodor Boeijermans

Two very special 17th-century paintings are part of the high altar. They were niftily installed back-to-back so they could be turned round depending on the period of the year. The Assumption of Mary by Lucas Franchoys the Younger (1616-1681) is always on display from 15 August, as this is the date on which Mary’s acceptance into Heaven is celebrated. The church was built when the Counter-Reformation, the answer to the Protestant Reformation, was in full swing, so the veneration of Mary was being intensely promoted at the time to fend off the evil Protestants. At the end of November, the painting is turned to reveal Boeijermans’s work, which depicts Saint Catherine, one of the patron saints of the church. The painting shows Saint Catherine entering her mystic marriage with Christ, a legend that emerged in 1337.

Mystiek huwelijk van Catharina door Theodoor Boeyermans

KIK

The Visitation (1626-1650) - Theodoor van Loon

Theodoor van Loon’s painting Mary visits Elizabeth is also sometimes known as The Visitation. This painting is another Van Loon thoroughbred: here, the painter approaches a religious subject with a sense of depth, emotion and drama. The painting shows the pregnant Mary visiting her cousin Elizabeth. Elizabeth is pregnant with John the Baptist at that time. This moment, in which the two women meet and share their shared joy over their pregnancy, is an important theme within Christian imagery. Theodoor van Loon brings this scene to life with his signature use of light and shadow, creating a dramatic contrast and an intimate, almost moving atmosphere. Mary and Elizabeth’s facial expressions are sensitive and show deep emotion. This shows van Loon’s gift for capturing human interaction in a perceptive and realistic way.